Source Paper
The role of flower consumption in Howler Monkey Females’ diet: adjustment across reproductive states
Gisbrecht A, Aristizabal JF, Rodríguez-Landa JF, Hernández-Salazar LT
PeerJ • 2026
Source Paper
Gisbrecht A, Aristizabal JF, Rodríguez-Landa JF, Hernández-Salazar LT
PeerJ • 2026
Objective: Monitor reproductive state behavioral differences in food and tannin intake among mantled howler monkey females across lactation states
This is a Reproductive State Behavioral Monitoring protocol using Alouatta palliata mexicana as the model organism. The procedure involves 8 procedural steps, 3 equipment items, 4 materials. Extracted from a 2026 paper published in PeerJ.
Model and subjects
Alouatta palliata mexicana • wild and fully habituated mantled howler monkeys • female • adult females • 20
Study window
~2.9 week study window | ~5 hours hands-on
Core workflow
Identify reproductive states • Conduct behavioral observations • Record feeding behavior
Primary readouts
Key equipment and reagents
Verified items
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Direct vendor links
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Classify females into three lactation categories: early lactating (EL) with dependent offspring birth to three months carried ventrally, late lactating (LL) with increasingly independent offspring consuming solid food, and non-lactating (N/L)
“EL was determined through the presence of a dependent offspring (birth to three months) carried mostly ventrally”
Collect female behavior data every month for 10-20 days from sunrise for 5 hours in random order ensuring all females recorded per day
“Female behavior was collected every month for 10–20 days throughout the month, when possible”
Record time invested (seconds) and food intake (grams) for mature leaves, young leaves, mature fruits, immature fruits, flowers, and petioles
“We recorded the time invested (seconds) and food intake (grams) of the items consumed”
Record number of discrete food units consumed in 1-minute bite-rate during feeding session, multiply by simultaneous group feeding time
“recorded information on the number of discrete food units consumed during a feeding session”
Collect consumed and dropped fruits or similar condition fruits from feeding trees, plus leaf and flower samples in condition most similar to consumed items
“collected all consumed and dropped fruits or fruits in the same condition as consumed”
Dry leaves in cardboard box using 60W light bulb heat, dry fruits and flowers in food dehydrator at 35°C
“leaves were dried in a cardboard box using the heat of a 60 W light bulb”
Process dried pulverized samples into methanol HPLC grade solvents at 1:3 ratio, vortex for one minute, sit five minutes, filter through 0.045 µm nylon filter
“dried and pulverized samples were processed into solvents with methanol HPLC grade at a ratio of 1:3”
Use HPLC-VWD method with Agilent 1,200 infinity equipment, UV-VIS detector at 270 nm, C18 column, mobile phase 15% acetonitrile, 15% methanol, 70% water at 0.5 mL/min flow rate
“HPLC equipment Agilent Technologies, model 1,200 infinity with a UV–VIS detector set at 270 nm”
This section explains what the experiment is doing, which readouts matter, what the data artifacts usually look like, and how the analysis should flow from raw capture to reported result.
Monitor reproductive state behavioral differences in food and tannin intake among mantled howler monkey females across lactation states
Objective
Monitor reproductive state behavioral differences in food and tannin intake among mantled howler monkey females across lactation states
Subjects
From paperAlouatta palliata mexicana • wild and fully habituated mantled howler monkeys • female • adult females
Sample count
From paper20
Identify reproductive states
Conduct behavioral observations
Record feeding behavior
Calculate food intake rate
Food intake (grams consumed) by reproductive state
From paperThis readout is central to the experiment's endpoint interpretation and should be reviewed before running the analysis.
Artifact type
Endpoint measurements summarized by group or timepoint
Comparison focus
Compare endpoint magnitude between groups, timepoints, or both
Tannin intake (grams consumed) by reproductive state
From paperThis readout is central to the experiment's endpoint interpretation and should be reviewed before running the analysis.
Artifact type
Endpoint measurements summarized by group or timepoint
Comparison focus
Compare endpoint magnitude between groups, timepoints, or both
Time invested in feeding (seconds) by food category
From paperThis readout is central to the experiment's endpoint interpretation and should be reviewed before running the analysis.
Artifact type
Endpoint measurements summarized by group or timepoint
Comparison focus
Compare endpoint magnitude between groups, timepoints, or both
Consumption patterns across lactation states
From paperThis readout is central to the experiment's endpoint interpretation and should be reviewed before running the analysis.
Artifact type
Endpoint measurements summarized by group or timepoint
Comparison focus
Compare endpoint magnitude between groups, timepoints, or both
Food intake (grams consumed) by reproductive state
From paperRaw artifact
Per-sample or per-animal endpoint measurements collected during the experiment
Processed artifact
Structured table with cleaned measurements ready for comparison
Final reported form
Summary statistics and between-group or across-timepoint comparisons
Tannin intake (grams consumed) by reproductive state
From paperRaw artifact
Per-sample or per-animal endpoint measurements collected during the experiment
Processed artifact
Structured table with cleaned measurements ready for comparison
Final reported form
Summary statistics and between-group or across-timepoint comparisons
Time invested in feeding (seconds) by food category
From paperRaw artifact
Per-sample or per-animal endpoint measurements collected during the experiment
Processed artifact
Structured table with cleaned measurements ready for comparison
Final reported form
Summary statistics and between-group or across-timepoint comparisons
Consumption patterns across lactation states
From paperRaw artifact
Per-sample or per-animal endpoint measurements collected during the experiment
Processed artifact
Structured table with cleaned measurements ready for comparison
Final reported form
Summary statistics and between-group or across-timepoint comparisons
Acquisition
Collect raw experimental outputs with enough metadata to preserve sample identity, condition, and timing.
Preprocessing / cleaning
Review raw outputs for quality, remove unusable captures, and organize the data into a comparison-ready table or image set.
Scoring or quantification
Quantify the primary readouts for this experiment: Food intake (grams consumed) by reproductive state; Tannin intake (grams consumed) by reproductive state; Time invested in feeding (seconds) by food category; Consumption patterns across lactation states.
Statistical comparison
Statistical method not yet structured for this page.
Reporting output
Report representative outputs alongside summary comparisons for Food intake (grams consumed) by reproductive state, Tannin intake (grams consumed) by reproductive state, Time invested in feeding (seconds) by food category, Consumption patterns across lactation states.
Source links and direct wording from the methods section for validation and deeper review.
Citation
Gisbrecht A et al. (2026). The role of flower consumption in Howler Monkey Females’ diet: adjustment across reproductive states. PeerJ
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Current status surfaces were computed from experiment data updated Feb 28, 2026.
Source access
Jump back into the original paper or the methods evidence section when you need exact wording, exclusions, or method-specific caveats.
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Steps
8
Evidence Quotes
8
Protocol Items
7
Linked Products
0
Canonical Sync
Pending
What this means
The completeness score reflects how much structured protocol data is present: steps, methods evidence, listed materials, linked products, and paper provenance.
Computed from the current experiment record updated Feb 28, 2026.
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Steps
8
Evidence
8
Specific Products
0/0
Canonical Sync
Pending
What this score means
The verification score reflects evidence coverage, subject detail, paper provenance, step depth, and whether linked products resolve to specific item pages instead of generic searches.
Computed from the current experiment record updated Feb 28, 2026.
A page can have structured steps and still need review when evidence is thin, product links are generic, or canonical protocol coverage is still pending.
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