A comparative phenotypic and genomic analysis of C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N mouse strains methods
Aim. Evidence-backed execution summary for A comparative phenotypic and genomic analysis of C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N mouse strains methods from A comparative phenotypic and genomic analysis of C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N mouse strains.
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mouse
Subject model for the experiment.
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Metabolism
reagent used in the protocol.
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- Micro-computed tomography (µCT) analysis of distal femur showed similar trabecular bone parameters in 14-week-old C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N mice. (A) Males and (B) females. (C) Cortical bone parameters from midshaft femur of 14-week-old male mice were also unchanged between the two strains. (D) Measurement of seru...
Immune function and allergy
reagent used in the protocol.
- Use
- Measurement of splenic natural killer (NK) cells and hapten-specific hypersensitivity. (A) Splenic NK cell activity of C57BL/6J (B6J) versus C57BL/6N (B6NTac) mice: (upper panel) male and (lower panel) female. Splenic NK cells from C57BL/6J or C57BL/6N mice were stimulated under the indicated conditions (six mice p...
SNP and small indel validation
reagent used in the protocol.
- Use
- We designed extension and amplification primers for 762 SNPs and 169 small indels using SpectroDESIGNER, which were then synthesized (Metabion, Martinsried, Germany). We used the iPLEX GOLD assay of the Sequenom MassARRAY platform for genotyping these variants in eight DNA samples from three C57BL/6 sub-strains (rep...
SNP and small indel validation
reagent used in the protocol.
- Use
- In addition to Sequenom, we used pyrosequencing and traditional Sanger sequencing for validation. We designed primers for 22 SNPs and 10 small indels. Primers were designed with Pyrosequencing™Assay Design, and oligonucleotides were synthesized at Eurofins MWG Operon. The PCR was performed using Taq Mastermix...
SV validation
reagent used in the protocol.
- Use
- Primers were designed using Primer3 and purchased from MWG (Ebersberg, Germany). Primer design strategy was dependent on the type and size of the structural variant. Three independent PCR reactions were carried out with Hotstar Taq (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). These reactions were performed as previously described [ ]...
Genome sequence comparisons of C57BL/6N and C57BL/6J mice for structural variants
Again, employing the paired-end reads generated from the 17 Mouse Genomes Project [ ] and a combination of four computational methods [ ], we identified 551 SVs between C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N. As described elsewhere [ ], we visually inspected short-read paired-end mapping at these 551 SV sites in the 17 sequenced inb...
- Use
- Again, employing the paired-end reads generated from the 17 Mouse Genomes Project [ ] and a combination of four computational methods [ ], we identified 551 SVs between C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N. As described elsewhere [ ], we visually inspected short-read paired-end mapping at these 551 SV sites in the 17 sequenced inb...
Comprehensive phenotypic assessment of C57BL/6N and C57BL/6J mice
For each line, N and J, age-matched mice have been analyzed through both EMPReSSslim pipelines. Data were acquired from all four centers in the consortium for 19 of the 20 platforms from the pipeline, excluding fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analyses (see Additional file, Figure S1). The EMPReSSslim pro...
- Use
- For each line, N and J, age-matched mice have been analyzed through both EMPReSSslim pipelines. Data were acquired from all four centers in the consortium for 19 of the 20 platforms from the pipeline, excluding fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analyses (see Additional file, Figure S1). The EMPReSSslim pro...
Comprehensive phenotypic assessment of C57BL/6N and C57BL/6J mice
We found no evidence for any major differences in morphological features between N and J, including X-ray analysis of the skeleton. However, a number of ophthalmological differences between the two strains were identified. Analysis of the general visual functions using the virtual optokinetic drum [ ] found reduced...
- Use
- We found no evidence for any major differences in morphological features between N and J, including X-ray analysis of the skeleton. However, a number of ophthalmological differences between the two strains were identified. Analysis of the general visual functions using the virtual optokinetic drum [ ] found reduced...
Neurological, behavioral, and sensory
We conducted a number of tests that reflect motor ability. Differences in grip-strength (ESLIM_009) were seen across all centers with J being higher than N, but the parameters affected were different, with some centers reporting differences in forelimb grip-strength and some for forelimb and hindlimb grip-strength c...
- Use
- We conducted a number of tests that reflect motor ability. Differences in grip-strength (ESLIM_009) were seen across all centers with J being higher than N, but the parameters affected were different, with some centers reporting differences in forelimb grip-strength and some for forelimb and hindlimb grip-strength c...
Neurological, behavioral, and sensory
Two centers showed major and consistent differences between N and J in activity in the open field (ESLIM_007) (Figure ), including higher activity in J mice as measured by distance travelled, and a higher number of center entries, indicative of reduced anxiety. These differences are in accord with data reported rece...
- Use
- Two centers showed major and consistent differences between N and J in activity in the open field (ESLIM_007) (Figure ), including higher activity in J mice as measured by distance travelled, and a higher number of center entries, indicative of reduced anxiety. These differences are in accord with data reported rece...
Neurological, behavioral, and sensory
Light/dark test. Bars represent (A) the latency to enter, (B) the percentage of time spent in the dark compartment (C) and the number of light/dark transitions by C57BL/6J ( n = 10) and C57BL/6N ( n = 9) male mice, aged 8 to 10 weeks. Data are mean ± SEM, * P < 0.05 (t-test). (D) Rotarod motor learning perform...
- Use
- Light/dark test. Bars represent (A) the latency to enter, (B) the percentage of time spent in the dark compartment (C) and the number of light/dark transitions by C57BL/6J ( n = 10) and C57BL/6N ( n = 9) male mice, aged 8 to 10 weeks. Data are mean ± SEM, * P < 0.05 (t-test). (D) Rotarod motor learning perform...
Neurological, behavioral, and sensory
We also carried out two additional behavioral tests to further elaborate N versus J differences. Firstly, we compared the performance of N and J in the Morris water maze test used to assess spatial memory. N male mice showed very significantly reduced performance (higher latency) compared with J male mice (Figure )....
- Use
- We also carried out two additional behavioral tests to further elaborate N versus J differences. Firstly, we compared the performance of N and J in the Morris water maze test used to assess spatial memory. N male mice showed very significantly reduced performance (higher latency) compared with J male mice (Figure )....
Neurological, behavioral, and sensory
Morris water maze. (A) Learning curves for familiarization and training phases Symbols and lines represent daily latencies (mean ± SEM) to reach the platform by C57BL/6J ( n = 10) and C57BL/6N ( n = 10) male mice, aged 16 to 20 weeks. ** P < 0.005, *** P < 0.0005 J versus N ( t -test); °° P < 0.005,...
- Use
- Morris water maze. (A) Learning curves for familiarization and training phases Symbols and lines represent daily latencies (mean ± SEM) to reach the platform by C57BL/6J ( n = 10) and C57BL/6N ( n = 10) male mice, aged 16 to 20 weeks. ** P < 0.005, *** P < 0.0005 J versus N ( t -test); °° P < 0.005,...
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Comprehensive phenotypic assessment of C57BL/6N and C57BL/6J mice
In parallel to the genomic analyses, the European Mouse Disease Clinic (EUMODIC) consortium has carried out a comprehensive phenotypic comparison of the C57BL/6NTac and C57BL/6J strains. EUMODIC comprises four mouse centers [ ] carrying out broad-based primary phenotyping of 500 mouse mutant knockout lines generated from the European Conditional Mouse Mutagenesis (EUCOMM) and Knockout Mouse (KOMP) projects within the IKMC program. Cohorts of mice from each mutant line enter the E uropean M ouse P henotyping Re source of S tandardised S creens slim (EMPReSSslim) phenotype assessment, which consists of two phenotyping pipelines, together comprising 20 phenotyping platforms (identified by an ESLIM__procedure_number) that are carried out from 9 to 15 weeks (see Additional file, Figure S1). The methods for performing each screen are detailed in the standard operating procedures (SOPs) tha...
Neurological, behavioral, and sensory
We conducted a number of tests that reflect motor ability. Differences in grip-strength (ESLIM_009) were seen across all centers with J being higher than N, but the parameters affected were different, with some centers reporting differences in forelimb grip-strength and some for forelimb and hindlimb grip-strength combined (Figure ). Rotarod testing (ESLIM_010) showed significant differences in latency to fall across all centers, although the reduced motor ability of N was only seen for females in two of the centers. We further explored motor abilities in N and J male mice by examining motor learning performance on the rotarod over 4 days (Figure ). Whereas the motor performance of J mice improved markedly from day 1 to day 2, the performance of N mice improved only gradually, and was significantly different from the day 1 measurements only from day 3 ( P < 0.05) onwards. Moreover, fr...
Neurological, behavioral, and sensory
Light/dark test. Bars represent (A) the latency to enter, (B) the percentage of time spent in the dark compartment (C) and the number of light/dark transitions by C57BL/6J ( n = 10) and C57BL/6N ( n = 9) male mice, aged 8 to 10 weeks. Data are mean ± SEM, * P < 0.05 (t-test). (D) Rotarod motor learning performance over 4 days. Symbols and lines represent daily latencies (mean ± SEM) to fall from rotating rod at acceleration from 4 to 40 rpm in 300 seconds by C57BL/6J ( n = 10) and C57BL/6N ( n = 10) male mice, aged 9 to 11 weeks. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.005, *** P < 0.0001 J versus. N ( t -test); ° P < 0.05, °° P < 0.005, °°° P < 0.0001 versus day 1, Fisher's (least squares difference).
Neurological, behavioral, and sensory
Morris water maze. (A) Learning curves for familiarization and training phases Symbols and lines represent daily latencies (mean ± SEM) to reach the platform by C57BL/6J ( n = 10) and C57BL/6N ( n = 10) male mice, aged 16 to 20 weeks. ** P < 0.005, *** P < 0.0005 J versus N ( t -test); °° P < 0.005, °°° P < 0.0001 versus day 1 (Fisher's least squares difference). (B) Probe test. Bars represent % time spent in each quadrant on day 5 during probe test. Dotted line is set at chance level (25%). * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.005, *** P < 0.0005 versus correct quadrant ( t -test)_. (C) Representative tracks of two C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N mice paths during probe test. Dotted circle indicates former platform location.
Immune function and allergy
Comparison of Listeria host resistance between C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N inbred strains. (A) Kaplan-Meier survival curves of females and males of the C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N strains after intravenous (IV)v. infection with 2 × 10 4 colony-forming units (cfu) of Listeria monocytogenes strain EGD. (B) Bacterial load in liver and spleen of C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N mice after IV infection with 2 × 10 4 cfu L. monocytogenes EGD. Organ loads were ascertained at four time points to analyze kinetics of bacterial growth. (C) Comparison of plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-6, interferon-inducible protein (IP)-10, and chemokine ligand (CCL)2 between the C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N mice shown in (B). Concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were determined in peripheral blood samples using the Cytokine Mouse 20-Plex Panel (Invitrogen Inc., Foster City, CA, USA) and a LiquiChip 100...
Immune function and allergy
Measurement of splenic natural killer (NK) cells and hapten-specific hypersensitivity. (A) Splenic NK cell activity of C57BL/6J (B6J) versus C57BL/6N (B6NTac) mice: (upper panel) male and (lower panel) female. Splenic NK cells from C57BL/6J or C57BL/6N mice were stimulated under the indicated conditions (six mice per group). Mean ± SD of interferon (IFN)γ-positive cells among a population of CD3- NK1.1+ NK cells was measured by flow cytometry. (B) Hapten-specific hypersensitivity. Male or female C57BL/6J or C57BL/6N mice were sensitized by the application of 25 µl of 0.5% dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) solution on the ventral skin. They were then challenged by the application of 5 µl of 0.15% DNFB solution on the left ear 5 days later (DNFB group). The right ears were painted with vehicle (-) and used as controls. Ear thickness was measured 48 hours after challenge....
Measurement outputs
What raw and processed outputs should exist?
In order to calculate the false-positive rate when significant results were found across multiple sites, a bootstrapping re-sampling technique [ ] was used to estimate the proba...
- Raw artifact
- Field or section images captured from matched samples
- Processed artifact
- Selected representative panels with quantified intensity, counts, or area measurements
- Reported as
- Per-group imaging summaries with representative figures and quantified endpoints
Again, employing the paired-end reads generated from the 17 Mouse Genomes Project [ ] and a combination of four computational methods [ ], we identified 551 SVs between C57BL/6J...
- Raw artifact
- Field or section images captured from matched samples
- Processed artifact
- Selected representative panels with quantified intensity, counts, or area measurements
- Reported as
- Per-group imaging summaries with representative figures and quantified endpoints
For each line, N and J, age-matched mice have been analyzed through both EMPReSSslim pipelines. Data were acquired from all four centers in the consortium for 19 of the 20 platf...
- Raw artifact
- Field or section images captured from matched samples
- Processed artifact
- Selected representative panels with quantified intensity, counts, or area measurements
- Reported as
- Per-group imaging summaries with representative figures and quantified endpoints
In analyzing the data, we focused first on identifying phenotype parameters that showed a consistent and significant difference between N and J in three or more centers. We iden...
- Raw artifact
- Field or section images captured from matched samples
- Processed artifact
- Selected representative panels with quantified intensity, counts, or area measurements
- Reported as
- Per-group imaging summaries with representative figures and quantified endpoints
Analysis plan
How should the outputs become interpretable results?
Acquisition
Collect raw experimental outputs with enough metadata to preserve sample identity, condition, and timing.
inferred from protocolPreprocessing / cleaning
In order to calculate the false-positive rate when significant results were found across multiple sites, a bootstrapping re-sampling technique [ ] was used to estimate the probabilities of a parameter revealing similar trends in the same direction across three or more centers....
from paperScoring or quantification
Quantify the primary readouts for this experiment: In order to calculate the false-positive rate when significant results were found across multiple sites, a bootstrapping re-sampling technique [ ] was used to estimate the proba...; Again, employing the paired-end reads generated from the 17 Mouse Genomes Project [ ] and a combination of four computational methods [ ], we identified 551 SVs between C57BL/6J...; For each line, N and J, age-matched mice have been analyzed through both EMPReSSslim pipelines. Data were acquired from all four centers in the consortium for 19 of the 20 platf...; In analyzing the data, we focused first on identifying phenotype parameters that showed a consistent and significant difference between N and J in three or more centers. We iden....
from paperStatistical comparison
In order to calculate the false-positive rate when significant results were found across multiple sites, a bootstrapping re-sampling technique [ ] was used to estimate the proba...; For each line, N and J, age-matched mice have been analyzed through both EMPReSSslim pipelines. Data were acquired from all four centers in the consortium for 19 of the 20 platf...; In analyzing the data, we focused first on identifying phenotype parameters that showed a consistent and significant difference between N and J in three or more centers. We iden...; Heat maps illustrating significant differences in phenotype parameters between C57BL/6N and C57BL/6J male and female mice. Parameters were assessed from each of the four center...
from paperReporting output
Report representative outputs alongside summary comparisons for In order to calculate the false-positive rate when significant results were found across multiple sites, a bootstrapping re-sampling technique [ ] was used to estimate the proba..., Again, employing the paired-end reads generated from the 17 Mouse Genomes Project [ ] and a combination of four computational methods [ ], we identified 551 SVs between C57BL/6J..., For each line, N and J, age-matched mice have been analyzed through both EMPReSSslim pipelines. Data were acquired from all four centers in the consortium for 19 of the 20 platf..., In analyzing the data, we focused first on identifying phenotype parameters that showed a consistent and significant difference between N and J in three or more centers. We iden....
inferred from protocolStructured statistical methods
In order to calculate the false-positive rate when significant results were found across multiple sites, a bootstrapping re-sampling technique [ ] was used to estimate the proba...; For each line, N and J, age-matched mice have been analyzed through both EMPReSSslim pipelines. Data were acquired from all four centers in the consortium for 19 of the 20 platf...; In analyzing the data, we focused first on identifying phenotype parameters that showed a consistent and significant difference between N and J in three or more centers. We iden...; Heat maps illustrating significant differences in phenotype parameters between C57BL/6N and C57BL/6J male and female mice. Parameters were assessed from each of the four center...
source structuredSource and audit
What supports the facts on this page?
Evidence quotes (6)
In parallel to the genomic analyses, the European Mouse Disease Clinic (EUMODIC) consortium has carried out a comprehensive phenotypic comparison of the C57BL/6NTac and C57BL/6J strains. EUMODIC comprises four mouse centers [ ] carrying out broad-based primary phenotyping of 500 mouse mutant knockout lines generated from the European Conditional Mouse Mutagenesis (EUCOMM) and Knockout Mouse (KOMP) projects within the IKMC program. Cohorts of mice from each mutant line enter the E uropean M ouse P henotyping Re source of S tandardised S creens slim (EMPReSSslim) phenotype assessment, which consists of two phenotyping pipelines, together comprising 20 phenotyping platforms (identified by an ESLIM__procedure_number) that are carried out from 9 to 15 weeks (see Additional file, Figure S1). The methods for performing each screen are detailed in the standard operating procedures (SOPs) that can be found in the EMPReSS database [ ]. Data were acquired on 413 phenotype parameters along with 146 metadata parameters, and entered into the EuroPhenome database [ ]. As part of this work, we have been capturing extensive control data on the baseline phenotype of C57BL/6NTac. We have also tak...
We conducted a number of tests that reflect motor ability. Differences in grip-strength (ESLIM_009) were seen across all centers with J being higher than N, but the parameters affected were different, with some centers reporting differences in forelimb grip-strength and some for forelimb and hindlimb grip-strength combined (Figure ). Rotarod testing (ESLIM_010) showed significant differences in latency to fall across all centers, although the reduced motor ability of N was only seen for females in two of the centers. We further explored motor abilities in N and J male mice by examining motor learning performance on the rotarod over 4 days (Figure ). Whereas the motor performance of J mice improved markedly from day 1 to day 2, the performance of N mice improved only gradually, and was significantly different from the day 1 measurements only from day 3 ( P < 0.05) onwards. Moreover, from day 2 to day 4 there were highly significant differences in the latency to fall between N and J. The primary testing carried out at the centers thus uncovered a potential reduced motor performance in N that was confirmed and further elaborated by more sophisticated testing of motor learning perfo...
Light/dark test. Bars represent (A) the latency to enter, (B) the percentage of time spent in the dark compartment (C) and the number of light/dark transitions by C57BL/6J ( n = 10) and C57BL/6N ( n = 9) male mice, aged 8 to 10 weeks. Data are mean ± SEM, * P < 0.05 (t-test). (D) Rotarod motor learning performance over 4 days. Symbols and lines represent daily latencies (mean ± SEM) to fall from rotating rod at acceleration from 4 to 40 rpm in 300 seconds by C57BL/6J ( n = 10) and C57BL/6N ( n = 10) male mice, aged 9 to 11 weeks. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.005, *** P < 0.0001 J versus. N ( t -test); ° P < 0.05, °° P < 0.005, °°° P < 0.0001 versus day 1, Fisher's (least squares difference).
Morris water maze. (A) Learning curves for familiarization and training phases Symbols and lines represent daily latencies (mean ± SEM) to reach the platform by C57BL/6J ( n = 10) and C57BL/6N ( n = 10) male mice, aged 16 to 20 weeks. ** P < 0.005, *** P < 0.0005 J versus N ( t -test); °° P < 0.005, °°° P < 0.0001 versus day 1 (Fisher's least squares difference). (B) Probe test. Bars represent % time spent in each quadrant on day 5 during probe test. Dotted line is set at chance level (25%). * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.005, *** P < 0.0005 versus correct quadrant ( t -test)_. (C) Representative tracks of two C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N mice paths during probe test. Dotted circle indicates former platform location.
Comparison of Listeria host resistance between C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N inbred strains. (A) Kaplan-Meier survival curves of females and males of the C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N strains after intravenous (IV)v. infection with 2 × 10 4 colony-forming units (cfu) of Listeria monocytogenes strain EGD. (B) Bacterial load in liver and spleen of C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N mice after IV infection with 2 × 10 4 cfu L. monocytogenes EGD. Organ loads were ascertained at four time points to analyze kinetics of bacterial growth. (C) Comparison of plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-6, interferon-inducible protein (IP)-10, and chemokine ligand (CCL)2 between the C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N mice shown in (B). Concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were determined in peripheral blood samples using the Cytokine Mouse 20-Plex Panel (Invitrogen Inc., Foster City, CA, USA) and a LiquiChip 100 system (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). Significant differences are indicated as follows: * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01 Mann-Whitney, U-test. Black bars and symbols, C57BL/6J inbred strain. White bars and symbols, C57BL/6N inbred strain.
Measurement of splenic natural killer (NK) cells and hapten-specific hypersensitivity. (A) Splenic NK cell activity of C57BL/6J (B6J) versus C57BL/6N (B6NTac) mice: (upper panel) male and (lower panel) female. Splenic NK cells from C57BL/6J or C57BL/6N mice were stimulated under the indicated conditions (six mice per group). Mean ± SD of interferon (IFN)γ-positive cells among a population of CD3- NK1.1+ NK cells was measured by flow cytometry. (B) Hapten-specific hypersensitivity. Male or female C57BL/6J or C57BL/6N mice were sensitized by the application of 25 µl of 0.5% dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) solution on the ventral skin. They were then challenged by the application of 5 µl of 0.15% DNFB solution on the left ear 5 days later (DNFB group). The right ears were painted with vehicle (-) and used as controls. Ear thickness was measured 48 hours after challenge. Results are representative of three independent experiments with six mice per group. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.005 (Mann-Whitney U - test).
Machine-readable layer
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"description": "Evidence-backed execution summary for A comparative phenotypic and genomic analysis of C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N mouse strains methods from A comparative phenotypic and genomic analysis of C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N mouse strains.",
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"name": "Comprehensive phenotypic assessment of C57BL/6N and C57BL/6J mice",
"text": "In parallel to the genomic analyses, the European Mouse Disease Clinic (EUMODIC) consortium has carried out a comprehensive phenotypic comparison of the C57BL/6NTac and C57BL/6J strains. EUMODIC comprises four mouse centers [ ] carrying out broad-based primary phenotyping of 500 mouse mutant knockout lines generated from the European Conditional Mouse Mutagenesis (EUCOMM) and Knockout Mouse (KOMP) projects within the IKMC program. Cohorts of mice from each mutant line enter the E uropean M ouse P henotyping Re source of S tandardised S creens slim (EMPReSSslim) phenotype assessment, which consists of two phenotyping pipelines, together comprising 20 phenotyping platforms (identified by an ESLIM__procedure_number) that are carried out from 9 to 15 weeks (see Additional file, Figure S1). The methods for performing each screen are detailed in the standard operating procedures (SOPs) tha..."
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"text": "We conducted a number of tests that reflect motor ability. Differences in grip-strength (ESLIM_009) were seen across all centers with J being higher than N, but the parameters affected were different, with some centers reporting differences in forelimb grip-strength and some for forelimb and hindlimb grip-strength combined (Figure ). Rotarod testing (ESLIM_010) showed significant differences in latency to fall across all centers, although the reduced motor ability of N was only seen for females in two of the centers. We further explored motor abilities in N and J male mice by examining motor learning performance on the rotarod over 4 days (Figure ). Whereas the motor performance of J mice improved markedly from day 1 to day 2, the performance of N mice improved only gradually, and was significantly different from the day 1 measurements only from day 3 ( P < 0.05) onwards. Moreover, fr..."
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"text": "Light/dark test. Bars represent (A) the latency to enter, (B) the percentage of time spent in the dark compartment (C) and the number of light/dark transitions by C57BL/6J ( n = 10) and C57BL/6N ( n = 9) male mice, aged 8 to 10 weeks. Data are mean ± SEM, * P < 0.05 (t-test). (D) Rotarod motor learning performance over 4 days. Symbols and lines represent daily latencies (mean ± SEM) to fall from rotating rod at acceleration from 4 to 40 rpm in 300 seconds by C57BL/6J ( n = 10) and C57BL/6N ( n = 10) male mice, aged 9 to 11 weeks. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.005, *** P < 0.0001 J versus. N ( t -test); ° P < 0.05, °° P < 0.005, °°° P < 0.0001 versus day 1, Fisher's (least squares difference)."
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"text": "Morris water maze. (A) Learning curves for familiarization and training phases Symbols and lines represent daily latencies (mean ± SEM) to reach the platform by C57BL/6J ( n = 10) and C57BL/6N ( n = 10) male mice, aged 16 to 20 weeks. ** P < 0.005, *** P < 0.0005 J versus N ( t -test); °° P < 0.005, °°° P < 0.0001 versus day 1 (Fisher's least squares difference). (B) Probe test. Bars represent % time spent in each quadrant on day 5 during probe test. Dotted line is set at chance level (25%). * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.005, *** P < 0.0005 versus correct quadrant ( t -test)_. (C) Representative tracks of two C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N mice paths during probe test. Dotted circle indicates former platform location."
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"name": "Immune function and allergy",
"text": "Comparison of Listeria host resistance between C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N inbred strains. (A) Kaplan-Meier survival curves of females and males of the C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N strains after intravenous (IV)v. infection with 2 × 10 4 colony-forming units (cfu) of Listeria monocytogenes strain EGD. (B) Bacterial load in liver and spleen of C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N mice after IV infection with 2 × 10 4 cfu L. monocytogenes EGD. Organ loads were ascertained at four time points to analyze kinetics of bacterial growth. (C) Comparison of plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-6, interferon-inducible protein (IP)-10, and chemokine ligand (CCL)2 between the C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N mice shown in (B). Concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were determined in peripheral blood samples using the Cytokine Mouse 20-Plex Panel (Invitrogen Inc., Foster City, CA, USA) and a LiquiChip 100..."
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"name": "Immune function and allergy",
"text": "Measurement of splenic natural killer (NK) cells and hapten-specific hypersensitivity. (A) Splenic NK cell activity of C57BL/6J (B6J) versus C57BL/6N (B6NTac) mice: (upper panel) male and (lower panel) female. Splenic NK cells from C57BL/6J or C57BL/6N mice were stimulated under the indicated conditions (six mice per group). Mean ± SD of interferon (IFN)γ-positive cells among a population of CD3- NK1.1+ NK cells was measured by flow cytometry. (B) Hapten-specific hypersensitivity. Male or female C57BL/6J or C57BL/6N mice were sensitized by the application of 25 µl of 0.5% dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) solution on the ventral skin. They were then challenged by the application of 5 µl of 0.15% DNFB solution on the left ear 5 days later (DNFB group). The right ears were painted with vehicle (-) and used as controls. Ear thickness was measured 48 hours after challenge...."
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"name": "Genome sequence comparisons of C57BL/6N and C57BL/6J mice for structural variants"
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