A Specific Herbal Mixture of Lavandula, Cloves, Rosa, Astragalus, and Cornus Mas (LCRAC) Improves Cognitive Function in a Rat Model of Streptozotocin-Induced Mild Cognitive Impairment methods
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Preparation of the LCRAC compound
Two hundred grams of powdered rose petals were percolated with 2 liters of 50% ethanol at room temperature. After four days, the 1200 mL of hydroalcoholic extract was concentrated using a vacuum rotary evaporator at 50-55°C, and the concentrated extract was then dried using a spray dryer to obtain a powdered extract with a final moisture content of 6.1% (w/w on a dry basis).[ ]
Passive avoidance learning
The passive avoidance task was evaluated using a shuttle box apparatus, as described previously.[ ] The shuttle box consisted of two equal-sized compartments (25 × 25 × 25 cm) - a light compartment and a dark compartment - separated by a guillotine door. The floor of the apparatus was made of a metal grid, and the walls were constructed of Plexiglas.
Terminal procedures protocol
Rats were deeply anesthetized using ketamine/xylazine (100/10 mg/kg, i. p.) with depth of anesthesia confirmed by the absence of pedal withdrawal reflex.
Terminal procedures protocol
While under complete anesthesia, cardiac puncture was performed using a 22-G needle inserted into the left ventricle, collecting 5-7 mL of blood into serum separator tubes. Serum was separated by centrifugation (3000 × g, 15 min, 4°C) and stored at -80°C until analysis.
Materials and Methods:
Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to six groups and MCI was induced by intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin (STZ). LCRAC (20, 40, or 80 mg/kg/day) was administered by gavage for 14 days. Spatial learning and memory, working memory, and avoidance learning were assessed using the Morris water maze (MWM) test, Y-maze continuous alternation task (Y-CAT), and passive avoidance test, respectively. Depressive-like behaviors were examined using the forced swim test (FST). Comprehensive biochemical and histopathological analyses were performed to assess potential toxicity.
M ATERIALS AND M ETHODS
Sixty male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g were procured from the animal facility of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences. The rats were housed in a temperature-controlled room (23 ± 2°C) under a 12-h light/12-h dark cycle, with free access to food and water. Efforts were made to minimize animal suffering throughout the experimental procedures. Body weights of the animals were recorded weekly during the study period.
Experimental design
On Day 1, rats received an intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of saline (the vehicle for STZ). Beginning 2 weeks later, these rats were administered 3 mL of distilled water (the vehicle for LCRAC) by oral gavage daily for 26 days.
Experimental design
On Day 1, rats received a single i.c.v. injection of STZ (3 mg/kg). Starting two weeks post-injection, they received 3 mL of distilled water by oral gavage daily for 26 days.
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Evidence quotes (8)
Two hundred grams of powdered rose petals were percolated with 2 liters of 50% ethanol at room temperature. After four days, the 1200 mL of hydroalcoholic extract was concentrated using a vacuum rotary evaporator at 50-55°C, and the concentrated extract was then dried using a spray dryer to obtain a powdered extract with a final moisture content of 6.1% (w/w on a dry basis).[ ]
The passive avoidance task was evaluated using a shuttle box apparatus, as described previously.[ ] The shuttle box consisted of two equal-sized compartments (25 × 25 × 25 cm) - a light compartment and a dark compartment - separated by a guillotine door. The floor of the apparatus was made of a metal grid, and the walls were constructed of Plexiglas.
Rats were deeply anesthetized using ketamine/xylazine (100/10 mg/kg, i. p.) with depth of anesthesia confirmed by the absence of pedal withdrawal reflex.
While under complete anesthesia, cardiac puncture was performed using a 22-G needle inserted into the left ventricle, collecting 5-7 mL of blood into serum separator tubes. Serum was separated by centrifugation (3000 × g, 15 min, 4°C) and stored at -80°C until analysis.
Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to six groups and MCI was induced by intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin (STZ). LCRAC (20, 40, or 80 mg/kg/day) was administered by gavage for 14 days. Spatial learning and memory, working memory, and avoidance learning were assessed using the Morris water maze (MWM) test, Y-maze continuous alternation task (Y-CAT), and passive avoidance test, respectively. Depressive-like behaviors were examined using the forced swim test (FST). Comprehensive biochemical and histopathological analyses were performed to assess potential toxicity.
Sixty male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g were procured from the animal facility of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences. The rats were housed in a temperature-controlled room (23 ± 2°C) under a 12-h light/12-h dark cycle, with free access to food and water. Efforts were made to minimize animal suffering throughout the experimental procedures. Body weights of the animals were recorded weekly during the study period.
On Day 1, rats received an intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of saline (the vehicle for STZ). Beginning 2 weeks later, these rats were administered 3 mL of distilled water (the vehicle for LCRAC) by oral gavage daily for 26 days.
On Day 1, rats received a single i.c.v. injection of STZ (3 mg/kg). Starting two weeks post-injection, they received 3 mL of distilled water by oral gavage daily for 26 days.
Machine-readable layer
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