Antipurinergic therapy corrects the autism-like features in the Fragile X ( Fmr1 knockout) mouse model methods

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    "name": "Antipurinergic therapy corrects the autism-like features in the Fragile X ( Fmr1 knockout) mouse model methods",
    "description": "Evidence-backed execution summary for Antipurinergic therapy corrects the autism-like features in the Fragile X ( Fmr1 knockout) mouse model methods from Antipurinergic therapy corrects the autism-like features in the Fragile X ( Fmr1 knockout) mouse model.",
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        "position": 1,
        "name": "Methods",
        "text": "We evaluated the Fragile X ( Fmr1 ) knockout on the FVB strain background. It has the genotype: FVB.129P2- Pde6b + Tyr c-ch Fmr1 tm1Cgr /J (Jackson Stock # 004624). The Fmr1 tm1Cgr allele contains a neomycin resistance cassette replacing exon 5 that results in a null allele that makes no FMR mRNA or protein. The control strain used has the genotype: FVB.129P2- Pde6b + Tyr c-ch /AntJ (Jackson Stock # 004828). In contrast to the white coat color of wild-type FVB mice, these animals had a chinchilla ( Tyr c-ch ) gray coat color. The wild-type Pde6b locus from the 129P2 ES cells corrects the retinal degeneration phenotype that produces blindness by 5 weeks of age in typical FVB mice. The Fmr1 locus is X-linked, so males are hemizygous and females are homozygous for the knockout. We also performed metabolomic analysis on Fmr1 knockout mice on the C57BL/6J (B6) background to refine our unde..."
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        "name": "Behavioral analysis",
        "text": "Behavioral testing began at 13 weeks of age, after 1 month of weekly antipurinergic therapy with suramin. Mice were tested in social approach, T-maze, locomomtor activity, marble burying, acoustic startle, and prepulse inhibition paradigms as follows. The ages at the time of testing are noted in the figure legends. For a complete description of the behavioral paradigms see Full Methods Online. Social Preference and Social Novelty. Social behavior was tested as social preference as previously described [ ], with the addition of a third phase with a second novel mouse to interrogate social novelty [ ]. T-Maze. Novelty preference was tested as spontaneous alternation behavior in the T-maze as previously described [ ]. Marble Burying. Marble burying behavior was measured over 30 min by a modification of methods used by Thomas et al. [ ]. Locomotor Activity. Locomotor activity, hyperac..."
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        "name": "Cerebral synaptosomal protein analysis",
        "text": "We found that 17 of 54 proteins we interrogated in cerebral synaptosomes (see Additional file: Table S1) were changed by antipurinergic therapy with suramin in the Fragile X model (Figures and; KO-Sur vs. KO-Sal). As a treatment study, we focused on the effect of suramin in the Fmr1 knockout mice only. The current study did not compare knockout brain protein levels to littermate FVB controls (see Methods). Figure 3 Western analysis of cerebral synaptosomal proteins changed by suramin treatment. Seventeen of 54 interrogated proteins were found to be changed by suramin treatment measured at 25 weeks of age. Post-synaptic density protein 95 kD (PSD95) was not influenced by suramin treatment and was used as a loading control. Protein expression data quantified by densitometry."
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    "isBasedOn": {
      "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
      "headline": "Antipurinergic therapy corrects the autism-like features in the Fragile X ( Fmr1 knockout) mouse model",
      "datePublished": "2015",
      "author": [
        {
          "@type": "Person",
          "name": "Jane C Naviaux"
        },
        {
          "@type": "Person",
          "name": "Lin Wang"
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        {
          "@type": "Person",
          "name": "Kefeng Li"
        },
        {
          "@type": "Person",
          "name": "A Taylor Bright"
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        {
          "@type": "Person",
          "name": "William A Alaynick"
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        {
          "@type": "Person",
          "name": "Kenneth R Williams"
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        {
          "@type": "Person",
          "name": "Susan B Powell"
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        {
          "@type": "Person",
          "name": "Robert K Naviaux"
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      "identifier": "10.1186/2040-2392-6-1"
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