Dopamine in Motor Cortex Is Necessary for Skill Learning and Synaptic Plasticity methods
Aim. Evidence-backed execution summary for Dopamine in Motor Cortex Is Necessary for Skill Learning and Synaptic Plasticity methods from Dopamine in Motor Cortex Is Necessary for Skill Learning and Synaptic Plasticity.
Show snapshot details
On this page
This experiment, in seven questions
Jump straight to the part of the recipe you need. Data and provenance labels stay close to the action they support.
Shopping and prep list
What do I need before I start?
rat
Subject model for the experiment.
- Use
- confirm full cohort details in the source paper
Results
reagent used in the protocol.
- Use
- The surgical procedure to perform intracortical injections caused a transient impairment of motor function as assessed using an accelerated rotarod test. The deficit between sham-lesioned (vehicle, n = 4) and 6-OHDA-treated rats (n = 4) was not different (, group × time interaction: pR...
Materials and Methods
reagent used in the protocol.
- Use
- Motor skill training was performed as previously described. The training cage was a 15 × 40 cm chamber (height 30 cm) with a vertical window (1 cm wide, 5 cm high beginning 2 cm above floor) in the front wall and a small light sensor in the rear wall (7 cm above ground). Animals were first pre-trained for five d...
Surgical Procedures
reagent used in the protocol.
- Use
- The forelimb representation was identified in each animal for optimal placement of injection needles (6-OHDA and levodopa) and cannula implantation (repeated antagonist injections). The brain was exposed by craniotomy leaving the dura intact (coordinates with respect to Bregma: 4 mm posterior to 5 mm anterior, 5 mm...
Materials and Methods
Motor skill training was performed as previously described. The training cage was a 15 × 40 cm chamber (height 30 cm) with a vertical window (1 cm wide, 5 cm high beginning 2 cm above floor) in the front wall and a small light sensor in the rear wall (7 cm above ground). Animals were first pre-trained for five d...
- Use
- Motor skill training was performed as previously described. The training cage was a 15 × 40 cm chamber (height 30 cm) with a vertical window (1 cm wide, 5 cm high beginning 2 cm above floor) in the front wall and a small light sensor in the rear wall (7 cm above ground). Animals were first pre-trained for five d...
Surgical Procedures
The forelimb representation was identified in each animal for optimal placement of injection needles (6-OHDA and levodopa) and cannula implantation (repeated antagonist injections). The brain was exposed by craniotomy leaving the dura intact (coordinates with respect to Bregma: 4 mm posterior to 5 mm anterior, 5 mm...
- Use
- The forelimb representation was identified in each animal for optimal placement of injection needles (6-OHDA and levodopa) and cannula implantation (repeated antagonist injections). The brain was exposed by craniotomy leaving the dura intact (coordinates with respect to Bregma: 4 mm posterior to 5 mm anterior, 5 mm...
Before you run
What should be confirmed before execution?
First confirmation
Equipment is listed but no product mappings are linked.
Confirm before execution
This page is backed by a publishable Replication Data Ledger package with zero critical source-verification issues.
Confirm before execution
Open the source paper before finalizing run-specific details.
Procurement checkpoint
Use source-stated vendors where present. Treat mapped products as sourcing options unless the page marks an exact source match.
Open quote workflowStep-by-step procedure
What do I do, in order?
Results
The surgical procedure to perform intracortical injections caused a transient impairment of motor function as assessed using an accelerated rotarod test. The deficit between sham-lesioned (vehicle, n = 4) and 6-OHDA-treated rats (n = 4) was not different (, group × time interaction: p = 0.61) suggesting that the impairment of motor function resulted from the surgical procedure and not from the drug itself. Rotarod performance was lower at 3 hr, 6 hr and 9 hr post-injection (post hoc tests: p<0.05, power >0.75) with a statistical trend of reduced performance at 24 hr (p = 0.069) as compared with baseline. Performance recovered to pre-injection levels within 48 hr (, post-hoc difference to baseline: p = 1.00; overall effect of time F(6,30) = 3.44, p = 0.011, power 0.88). To guarantee full recovery a...
Materials and Methods
All experiments were performed in adult male Long-Evans rats (8-10 weeks, 250-350 g) raised in our animal facility. Animals were housed individually in a 12/12-hr light/dark cycle (light on: 3am, off: 3pm). All procedures were conducted according to national and international guidelines and were approved by the Animal Care Committee of the State of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Chemicals and antibodies were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH, Munich, Germany, unless noted otherwise.
Materials and Methods
Training sessions were performed at the beginning of the dark phase. Animals were food-restricted for 24 hr before the first pre-training session (see below). During training animals were kept slightly over their initial weight (332.1±29.4 g) by providing 50 mg/kg of standard lab diet after each training session. Water was given ad libitum.
Materials and Methods
Motor skill training was performed as previously described. The training cage was a 15 × 40 cm chamber (height 30 cm) with a vertical window (1 cm wide, 5 cm high beginning 2 cm above floor) in the front wall and a small light sensor in the rear wall (7 cm above ground). Animals were first pre-trained for five days learning to open the motorized sliding door that covered the front window, by nose-poking the sensor in the rear. Opening the window gave access to one food pellet (45 mg, Bio-serve, Frenchtown, NJ, USA) located on a small horizontal board outside of the cage. During pre-training pellets were retrieved by tongue. Upon retrieval the pellet was automatically replaced by a pellet dispenser. Pre-training was followed by 6-15-days of motor skill training that was initiated by removing the board and placing the pellet on a vertical post 1.5 cm away from the window. In t...
Surgical Procedures
All surgical procedures were performed under ketamine (70 mg/kg, i.p.) and xylazine anesthesia (5 mg/kg, i.p.) with the rats fixed in a stereotactic frame (Stoelting Co., Wood Dale, IL, USA). Additional ketamine doses were administered if necessary. Body temperature was controlled using a heating pad. Buprenorphin (0.01 mg/kg, i.p.) was given after surgery for pain relief. All permanent implants were anchored onto the skull with two screws (2 mm diameter) placed in the frontal and occipital skull. Bone flaps were replaced and fixated using bone cement (FlowLine, Heraus Kulzer, Dormagen, Germany).
Surgical Procedures
The forelimb representation was identified in each animal for optimal placement of injection needles (6-OHDA and levodopa) and cannula implantation (repeated antagonist injections). The brain was exposed by craniotomy leaving the dura intact (coordinates with respect to Bregma: 4 mm posterior to 5 mm anterior, 5 mm to 1 mm lateral). M1 somatotopy was mapped using a thin-film microelectrode array (Multichannel Systems, Reutlingen, Germany) as previously described. The array was placed onto the dura over the frontoparietal cortex. Biphasic stimuli (100 stimuli at 300 Hz, 1-5 mA constant current, 10 ms stimulus interval) were applied to the 64 contacts of the electrode array in a random sequence. Evoked limb twitches were visually identified. The forelimb area was typically 2 to 3.5 mm lateral and 1.5 to 2.5 mm anterior to Bregma. All drug injections were performed in a depth of 1...
Measurement outputs
What raw and processed outputs should exist?
Motor skill training was performed as previously described. The training cage was a 15 × 40 cm chamber (height 30 cm) with a vertical window (1 cm wide, 5 cm high beginning...
- Raw artifact
- Per-sample or per-animal endpoint measurements collected during the experiment
- Processed artifact
- Structured table with cleaned measurements ready for comparison
- Reported as
- Summary statistics and between-group or across-timepoint comparisons
Analysis plan
How should the outputs become interpretable results?
Acquisition
Collect raw experimental outputs with enough metadata to preserve sample identity, condition, and timing.
inferred from protocolPreprocessing / cleaning
The surgical procedure to perform intracortical injections caused a transient impairment of motor function as assessed using an accelerated rotarod test.
from paperScoring or quantification
Quantify the primary readouts for this experiment: Motor skill training was performed as previously described. The training cage was a 15 × 40 cm chamber (height 30 cm) with a vertical window (1 cm wide, 5 cm high beginning....
from paperStatistical comparison
The surgical procedure to perform intracortical injections caused a transient impairment of motor function as assessed using an accelerated rotarod test. The deficit between sha...; Motor skill training was performed as previously described. The training cage was a 15 × 40 cm chamber (height 30 cm) with a vertical window (1 cm wide, 5 cm high beginning...
from paperReporting output
Report representative outputs alongside summary comparisons for Motor skill training was performed as previously described. The training cage was a 15 × 40 cm chamber (height 30 cm) with a vertical window (1 cm wide, 5 cm high beginning....
inferred from protocolStructured statistical methods
The surgical procedure to perform intracortical injections caused a transient impairment of motor function as assessed using an accelerated rotarod test. The deficit between sha...; Motor skill training was performed as previously described. The training cage was a 15 × 40 cm chamber (height 30 cm) with a vertical window (1 cm wide, 5 cm high beginning...
source structuredSource and audit
What supports the facts on this page?
Evidence quotes (6)
The surgical procedure to perform intracortical injections caused a transient impairment of motor function as assessed using an accelerated rotarod test. The deficit between sham-lesioned (vehicle, n = 4) and 6-OHDA-treated rats (n = 4) was not different (, group × time interaction: p = 0.61) suggesting that the impairment of motor function resulted from the surgical procedure and not from the drug itself. Rotarod performance was lower at 3 hr, 6 hr and 9 hr post-injection (post hoc tests: p<0.05, power >0.75) with a statistical trend of reduced performance at 24 hr (p = 0.069) as compared with baseline. Performance recovered to pre-injection levels within 48 hr (, post-hoc difference to baseline: p = 1.00; overall effect of time F(6,30) = 3.44, p = 0.011, power 0.88). To guarantee full recovery a 3-day post-injection period was allowed following surgery before training was continued.
All experiments were performed in adult male Long-Evans rats (8-10 weeks, 250-350 g) raised in our animal facility. Animals were housed individually in a 12/12-hr light/dark cycle (light on: 3am, off: 3pm). All procedures were conducted according to national and international guidelines and were approved by the Animal Care Committee of the State of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Chemicals and antibodies were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH, Munich, Germany, unless noted otherwise.
Training sessions were performed at the beginning of the dark phase. Animals were food-restricted for 24 hr before the first pre-training session (see below). During training animals were kept slightly over their initial weight (332.1±29.4 g) by providing 50 mg/kg of standard lab diet after each training session. Water was given ad libitum.
Motor skill training was performed as previously described. The training cage was a 15 × 40 cm chamber (height 30 cm) with a vertical window (1 cm wide, 5 cm high beginning 2 cm above floor) in the front wall and a small light sensor in the rear wall (7 cm above ground). Animals were first pre-trained for five days learning to open the motorized sliding door that covered the front window, by nose-poking the sensor in the rear. Opening the window gave access to one food pellet (45 mg, Bio-serve, Frenchtown, NJ, USA) located on a small horizontal board outside of the cage. During pre-training pellets were retrieved by tongue. Upon retrieval the pellet was automatically replaced by a pellet dispenser. Pre-training was followed by 6-15-days of motor skill training that was initiated by removing the board and placing the pellet on a vertical post 1.5 cm away from the window. In this position pellets were only retrievable by using the forelimb. The first skill training session was to determine forelimb preference and consisted of 50 door openings ( = trials). Determination of preference was necessary before surgical instrumentation of the hemisphere contralateral...
All surgical procedures were performed under ketamine (70 mg/kg, i.p.) and xylazine anesthesia (5 mg/kg, i.p.) with the rats fixed in a stereotactic frame (Stoelting Co., Wood Dale, IL, USA). Additional ketamine doses were administered if necessary. Body temperature was controlled using a heating pad. Buprenorphin (0.01 mg/kg, i.p.) was given after surgery for pain relief. All permanent implants were anchored onto the skull with two screws (2 mm diameter) placed in the frontal and occipital skull. Bone flaps were replaced and fixated using bone cement (FlowLine, Heraus Kulzer, Dormagen, Germany).
The forelimb representation was identified in each animal for optimal placement of injection needles (6-OHDA and levodopa) and cannula implantation (repeated antagonist injections). The brain was exposed by craniotomy leaving the dura intact (coordinates with respect to Bregma: 4 mm posterior to 5 mm anterior, 5 mm to 1 mm lateral). M1 somatotopy was mapped using a thin-film microelectrode array (Multichannel Systems, Reutlingen, Germany) as previously described. The array was placed onto the dura over the frontoparietal cortex. Biphasic stimuli (100 stimuli at 300 Hz, 1-5 mA constant current, 10 ms stimulus interval) were applied to the 64 contacts of the electrode array in a random sequence. Evoked limb twitches were visually identified. The forelimb area was typically 2 to 3.5 mm lateral and 1.5 to 2.5 mm anterior to Bregma. All drug injections were performed in a depth of 1 mm below the dura.
Machine-readable layer
[
{
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "HowTo",
"name": "Dopamine in Motor Cortex Is Necessary for Skill Learning and Synaptic Plasticity methods",
"description": "Evidence-backed execution summary for Dopamine in Motor Cortex Is Necessary for Skill Learning and Synaptic Plasticity methods from Dopamine in Motor Cortex Is Necessary for Skill Learning and Synaptic Plasticity.",
"totalTime": "PT24005M",
"step": [
{
"@type": "HowToStep",
"position": 1,
"name": "Results",
"text": "The surgical procedure to perform intracortical injections caused a transient impairment of motor function as assessed using an accelerated rotarod test. The deficit between sham-lesioned (vehicle, n = 4) and 6-OHDA-treated rats (n = 4) was not different (, group × time interaction: p = 0.61) suggesting that the impairment of motor function resulted from the surgical procedure and not from the drug itself. Rotarod performance was lower at 3 hr, 6 hr and 9 hr post-injection (post hoc tests: p<0.05, power >0.75) with a statistical trend of reduced performance at 24 hr (p = 0.069) as compared with baseline. Performance recovered to pre-injection levels within 48 hr (, post-hoc difference to baseline: p = 1.00; overall effect of time F(6,30) = 3.44, p = 0.011, power 0.88). To guarantee full recovery a..."
},
{
"@type": "HowToStep",
"position": 2,
"name": "Materials and Methods",
"text": "All experiments were performed in adult male Long-Evans rats (8-10 weeks, 250-350 g) raised in our animal facility. Animals were housed individually in a 12/12-hr light/dark cycle (light on: 3am, off: 3pm). All procedures were conducted according to national and international guidelines and were approved by the Animal Care Committee of the State of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Chemicals and antibodies were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH, Munich, Germany, unless noted otherwise."
},
{
"@type": "HowToStep",
"position": 3,
"name": "Materials and Methods",
"text": "Training sessions were performed at the beginning of the dark phase. Animals were food-restricted for 24 hr before the first pre-training session (see below). During training animals were kept slightly over their initial weight (332.1±29.4 g) by providing 50 mg/kg of standard lab diet after each training session. Water was given ad libitum."
},
{
"@type": "HowToStep",
"position": 4,
"name": "Materials and Methods",
"text": "Motor skill training was performed as previously described. The training cage was a 15 × 40 cm chamber (height 30 cm) with a vertical window (1 cm wide, 5 cm high beginning 2 cm above floor) in the front wall and a small light sensor in the rear wall (7 cm above ground). Animals were first pre-trained for five days learning to open the motorized sliding door that covered the front window, by nose-poking the sensor in the rear. Opening the window gave access to one food pellet (45 mg, Bio-serve, Frenchtown, NJ, USA) located on a small horizontal board outside of the cage. During pre-training pellets were retrieved by tongue. Upon retrieval the pellet was automatically replaced by a pellet dispenser. Pre-training was followed by 6-15-days of motor skill training that was initiated by removing the board and placing the pellet on a vertical post 1.5 cm away from the window. In t..."
},
{
"@type": "HowToStep",
"position": 5,
"name": "Surgical Procedures",
"text": "All surgical procedures were performed under ketamine (70 mg/kg, i.p.) and xylazine anesthesia (5 mg/kg, i.p.) with the rats fixed in a stereotactic frame (Stoelting Co., Wood Dale, IL, USA). Additional ketamine doses were administered if necessary. Body temperature was controlled using a heating pad. Buprenorphin (0.01 mg/kg, i.p.) was given after surgery for pain relief. All permanent implants were anchored onto the skull with two screws (2 mm diameter) placed in the frontal and occipital skull. Bone flaps were replaced and fixated using bone cement (FlowLine, Heraus Kulzer, Dormagen, Germany)."
},
{
"@type": "HowToStep",
"position": 6,
"name": "Surgical Procedures",
"text": "The forelimb representation was identified in each animal for optimal placement of injection needles (6-OHDA and levodopa) and cannula implantation (repeated antagonist injections). The brain was exposed by craniotomy leaving the dura intact (coordinates with respect to Bregma: 4 mm posterior to 5 mm anterior, 5 mm to 1 mm lateral). M1 somatotopy was mapped using a thin-film microelectrode array (Multichannel Systems, Reutlingen, Germany) as previously described. The array was placed onto the dura over the frontoparietal cortex. Biphasic stimuli (100 stimuli at 300 Hz, 1-5 mA constant current, 10 ms stimulus interval) were applied to the 64 contacts of the electrode array in a random sequence. Evoked limb twitches were visually identified. The forelimb area was typically 2 to 3.5 mm lateral and 1.5 to 2.5 mm anterior to Bregma. All drug injections were performed in a depth of 1..."
}
],
"tool": [
{
"@type": "HowToTool",
"name": "Materials and Methods"
},
{
"@type": "HowToTool",
"name": "Surgical Procedures"
}
],
"supply": [
{
"@type": "HowToSupply",
"name": "Results"
},
{
"@type": "HowToSupply",
"name": "Materials and Methods"
},
{
"@type": "HowToSupply",
"name": "Surgical Procedures"
}
],
"isBasedOn": {
"@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
"headline": "Dopamine in Motor Cortex Is Necessary for Skill Learning and Synaptic Plasticity",
"datePublished": "2009",
"author": [
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Katiuska Molina-Luna"
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Ana Pekanovic"
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Sebastian Röhrich"
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Benjamin Hertler"
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Maximilian Schubring-Giese"
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Mengia-Seraina Rioult-Pedotti"
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Andreas R. Luft"
}
],
"identifier": "10.1371/journal.pone.0007082"
}
},
{
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "BreadcrumbList",
"itemListElement": [
{
"@type": "ListItem",
"position": 1,
"name": "Experiments",
"item": "https://replicatescience.com/experiments"
},
{
"@type": "ListItem",
"position": 2,
"name": "Dopamine in Motor Cortex Is Necessary for Skill Learning and Synaptic Plasticity methods",
"item": "https://replicatescience.com/experiments/dopamine-in-motor-cortex-is-necessary-for-skill-learning-and-synaptic-plasticity-methods-katiuska-molina-luna-pmc2738964/dopamine-in-motor-cortex-is-necessary-for-skill-learning-and-synaptic-plasticity-mlphb9mm"
}
]
}
]