Iron single-atom nanozyme-mediated laser interstitial thermal therapy and anti-inflammatory effect for epilepsy methods

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    "description": "Protocol for Iron single-atom nanozyme-mediated laser interstitial thermal therapy and anti-inflammatory effect for epilepsy methods",
    "step": [
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        "position": 1,
        "name": "Introduction",
        "text": "In recent years, laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) has gained prominence as a promising minimally invasive treatment, demonstrating clinical efficacy in epilepsy management, particularly in refractory cases [, ]. LITT employs a fiber optic coupled laser to transmit near-infrared laser energy to generate thermal energy at the target site, thereby selectively ablating the diseased tissue and subsequently reducing the abnormal discharges of neurons [ ]. This photothermal conversion rapidly elevates target tissue temperature to 45-60 °C, inducing irreversible protein denaturation and coagulative necrosis of epileptogenic foci. LITT achieves seizure control rates comparable to traditional surgical methods [, ], while offering several distinct advantages [ ]. These include minimal invasiveness, high precision, and shorter postoperative hospital stays, all without t..."
      },
      {
        "@type": "HowToStep",
        "position": 2,
        "name": "Enzymatic activities of Fe/SAN",
        "text": "Fe/SAN demonstrated remarkable enzyme-mimicking activities ( A) [,, ]. The superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity of Fe/SAN was evaluated using a WST-8 assay kit ( B and ). Results revealed a dose-dependent increase in the inhibition rate of superoxide anion radicals (O 2 · - ), confirming its concentration-dependent O 2 · - scavenging capability. Real-time monitoring of oxygen release dynamics during H 2 O 2 decomposition via dissolved oxygen measurement ( C and ) showed a significant enhancement in dissolved oxygen levels with higher Fe/SAN concentrations, indicating robust catalase (CAT)-like activity. Compared with other reported nanozymes used for anti-inflammatory purposes, such as Fe 3 O 4, CeO 2, and Mn 3 O 4, Fe/SAN exhibits superior CAT-like activity at the same concentration (100 µg/mL), as summarized in. Hydroxyl radical antioxidant capacity (HO..."
      },
      {
        "@type": "HowToStep",
        "position": 3,
        "name": "Photothermal conversion efficiency measurement and thermal imaging protocol",
        "text": "The photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) was calculated using the established method: η = [hS (Tmax - Tsurr) - Qdis]/[I (1-10 -A808 )], where hS is the heat transfer coefficient, Tmax represents maximum equilibrium temperature, Tsurr is ambient temperature, Qdis denotes heat dissipated by light scattering, I is laser power density, and A808 is the absorbance at 808 nm. Temperature monitoring during LITT was performed using a FOTRIC thermal imaging system (Shanghai FOTRIC, Inc.) with a spectral range of 8-14 µm. The system was calibrated using a blackbody radiation source across 30-80 °C, yielding the calibration equation: y = 321.162 + 153.477x (R 2 = 0.985), where y is absolute temperature (K) and x is corrected thermal radiation intensity. Thermal images were acquired at 30 Hz wit..."
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    "isBasedOn": {
      "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
      "headline": "Iron single-atom nanozyme-mediated laser interstitial thermal therapy and anti-inflammatory effect for epilepsy",
      "datePublished": "2026",
      "author": [
        {
          "@type": "Person",
          "name": "Xiao-Dan Zhang"
        },
        {
          "@type": "Person",
          "name": "Yu Tian"
        },
        {
          "@type": "Person",
          "name": "Jing Ma"
        },
        {
          "@type": "Person",
          "name": "Wei Lei"
        },
        {
          "@type": "Person",
          "name": "Wei-Jie Yu"
        },
        {
          "@type": "Person",
          "name": "Peng-Hui Liu"
        },
        {
          "@type": "Person",
          "name": "Wen Huang"
        },
        {
          "@type": "Person",
          "name": "Wei Huang"
        },
        {
          "@type": "Person",
          "name": "Ren-Fu Liu"
        },
        {
          "@type": "Person",
          "name": "Xiang-Tao Zhang"
        },
        {
          "@type": "Person",
          "name": "Feng Wang"
        },
        {
          "@type": "Person",
          "name": "Yang Zhu"
        },
        {
          "@type": "Person",
          "name": "Yuan-Xiang Lin"
        }
      ],
      "identifier": "10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.102810"
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