Iron single-atom nanozyme-mediated laser interstitial thermal therapy and anti-inflammatory effect for epilepsy methods
Aim. Evidence-backed execution summary for Iron single-atom nanozyme-mediated laser interstitial thermal therapy and anti-inflammatory effect for epilepsy methods from Iron single-atom nanozyme-mediated laser interstitial thermal therapy and anti-inflammatory effect for epilepsy.
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Biological model pending
Subject model for the experiment.
- Use
- confirm full cohort details in the source paper
Enzymatic activities of Fe/SAN
reagent used in the protocol.
- Use
- Fe/SAN demonstrated remarkable enzyme-mimicking activities ( A) [,, ]. The superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity of Fe/SAN was evaluated using a WST-8 assay kit ( B and ). Results revealed a dose-dependent increase in the inhibition rate of superoxide anion radicals (O 2 · - ), confirming its concentration...
Materials and methods
reagent used in the protocol.
- Use
- All experiments were conducted using high-purity reagents and materials. Iron acetylacetonate (III) and 2-methylimidazole were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Tween 20, acetic acid (HAc), and paraformaldehyde (PFA) are provided by Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Hydrogen pe...
Evaluation of SOD-like activity of Fe/SAN nanoparticles
reagent used in the protocol.
- Use
- The experimental procedure involves preparing Fe/SAN nanoparticles in concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, 75, and 100 µg/mL in the assay buffer. In a 96-well microplate, 20 µL of each sample or standard is mixed with 200 µL of WST working solution. After adding 20 µL of enzyme wor...
Materials and methods
All experiments were conducted using high-purity reagents and materials. Iron acetylacetonate (III) and 2-methylimidazole were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Tween 20, acetic acid (HAc), and paraformaldehyde (PFA) are provided by Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Hydrogen pe...
- Use
- All experiments were conducted using high-purity reagents and materials. Iron acetylacetonate (III) and 2-methylimidazole were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Tween 20, acetic acid (HAc), and paraformaldehyde (PFA) are provided by Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Hydrogen pe...
Photothermal conversion efficiency measurement and thermal imaging protocol
The photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) was calculated using the established method: η = [hS (Tmax - Tsurr) - Qdis]/[I (1-10 -A808 )], where hS is the heat transfer coefficient, Tmax represents maximum equilibrium temperature, Tsurr is ambient temperature, Qdis denotes heat dissipated...
- Use
- The photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) was calculated using the established method: η = [hS (Tmax - Tsurr) - Qdis]/[I (1-10 -A808 )], where hS is the heat transfer coefficient, Tmax represents maximum equilibrium temperature, Tsurr is ambient temperature, Qdis denotes heat dissipated...
Evaluation of SOD-like activity of Fe/SAN nanoparticles
The experimental procedure involves preparing Fe/SAN nanoparticles in concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, 75, and 100 µg/mL in the assay buffer. In a 96-well microplate, 20 µL of each sample or standard is mixed with 200 µL of WST working solution. After adding 20 µL of enzyme wor...
- Use
- The experimental procedure involves preparing Fe/SAN nanoparticles in concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, 75, and 100 µg/mL in the assay buffer. In a 96-well microplate, 20 µL of each sample or standard is mixed with 200 µL of WST working solution. After adding 20 µL of enzyme wor...
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First confirmation
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Introduction
In recent years, laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) has gained prominence as a promising minimally invasive treatment, demonstrating clinical efficacy in epilepsy management, particularly in refractory cases [, ]. LITT employs a fiber optic coupled laser to transmit near-infrared laser energy to generate thermal energy at the target site, thereby selectively ablating the diseased tissue and subsequently reducing the abnormal discharges of neurons [ ]. This photothermal conversion rapidly elevates target tissue temperature to 45-60 °C, inducing irreversible protein denaturation and coagulative necrosis of epileptogenic foci. LITT achieves seizure control rates comparable to traditional surgical methods [, ], while offering several distinct advantages [ ]. These include minimal invasiveness, high precision, and shorter postoperative hospital stays, all without t...
Enzymatic activities of Fe/SAN
Fe/SAN demonstrated remarkable enzyme-mimicking activities ( A) [,, ]. The superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity of Fe/SAN was evaluated using a WST-8 assay kit ( B and ). Results revealed a dose-dependent increase in the inhibition rate of superoxide anion radicals (O 2 · - ), confirming its concentration-dependent O 2 · - scavenging capability. Real-time monitoring of oxygen release dynamics during H 2 O 2 decomposition via dissolved oxygen measurement ( C and ) showed a significant enhancement in dissolved oxygen levels with higher Fe/SAN concentrations, indicating robust catalase (CAT)-like activity. Compared with other reported nanozymes used for anti-inflammatory purposes, such as Fe 3 O 4, CeO 2, and Mn 3 O 4, Fe/SAN exhibits superior CAT-like activity at the same concentration (100 µg/mL), as summarized in. Hydroxyl radical antioxidant capacity (HO...
Photothermal conversion efficiency measurement and thermal imaging protocol
The photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) was calculated using the established method: η = [hS (Tmax - Tsurr) - Qdis]/[I (1-10 -A808 )], where hS is the heat transfer coefficient, Tmax represents maximum equilibrium temperature, Tsurr is ambient temperature, Qdis denotes heat dissipated by light scattering, I is laser power density, and A808 is the absorbance at 808 nm. Temperature monitoring during LITT was performed using a FOTRIC thermal imaging system (Shanghai FOTRIC, Inc.) with a spectral range of 8-14 µm. The system was calibrated using a blackbody radiation source across 30-80 °C, yielding the calibration equation: y = 321.162 + 153.477x (R 2 = 0.985), where y is absolute temperature (K) and x is corrected thermal radiation intensity. Thermal images were acquired at 30 Hz wit...
Measurement outputs
What raw and processed outputs should exist?
All experiments were conducted using high-purity reagents and materials. Iron acetylacetonate (III) and 2-methylimidazole were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)....
- Raw artifact
- Field or section images captured from matched samples
- Processed artifact
- Selected representative panels with quantified intensity, counts, or area measurements
- Reported as
- Per-group imaging summaries with representative figures and quantified endpoints
Xiao-Dan Zhang: Writing - original draft, Methodology, Conceptualization. Yu Tian: Methodology. Jing Ma: Methodology. Wei Lei: Data curation. Wei-Jie Yu: Data curation. Pe...
- Raw artifact
- Field or section images captured from matched samples
- Processed artifact
- Selected representative panels with quantified intensity, counts, or area measurements
- Reported as
- Per-group imaging summaries with representative figures and quantified endpoints
Analysis plan
How should the outputs become interpretable results?
Acquisition
Capture matched images from the relevant tissue region using the same acquisition settings across samples.
inferred from protocolPreprocessing / cleaning
Fe/SAN demonstrated remarkable enzyme-mimicking activities ( A) [,, ].
from paperScoring or quantification
Quantify the primary readouts for this experiment: All experiments were conducted using high-purity reagents and materials. Iron acetylacetonate (III) and 2-methylimidazole were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)....; Xiao-Dan Zhang: Writing - original draft, Methodology, Conceptualization. Yu Tian: Methodology. Jing Ma: Methodology. Wei Lei: Data curation. Wei-Jie Yu: Data curation. Pe....
from paperNormalization
Normalize image-derived measurements against the matched acquisition or segmentation rules before comparing groups.
inferred from protocolStatistical comparison
Fe/SAN demonstrated remarkable enzyme-mimicking activities ( A) [,, ]. The superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity of Fe/SAN was evaluated using a WST-8 assay kit ( B and )....
from paperReporting output
Report representative outputs alongside summary comparisons for All experiments were conducted using high-purity reagents and materials. Iron acetylacetonate (III) and 2-methylimidazole were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)...., Xiao-Dan Zhang: Writing - original draft, Methodology, Conceptualization. Yu Tian: Methodology. Jing Ma: Methodology. Wei Lei: Data curation. Wei-Jie Yu: Data curation. Pe....
inferred from protocolStructured statistical methods
Fe/SAN demonstrated remarkable enzyme-mimicking activities ( A) [,, ]. The superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity of Fe/SAN was evaluated using a WST-8 assay kit ( B and )....
source structuredSource and audit
What supports the facts on this page?
Evidence quotes (3)
In recent years, laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) has gained prominence as a promising minimally invasive treatment, demonstrating clinical efficacy in epilepsy management, particularly in refractory cases [, ]. LITT employs a fiber optic coupled laser to transmit near-infrared laser energy to generate thermal energy at the target site, thereby selectively ablating the diseased tissue and subsequently reducing the abnormal discharges of neurons [ ]. This photothermal conversion rapidly elevates target tissue temperature to 45-60 °C, inducing irreversible protein denaturation and coagulative necrosis of epileptogenic foci. LITT achieves seizure control rates comparable to traditional surgical methods [, ], while offering several distinct advantages [ ]. These include minimal invasiveness, high precision, and shorter postoperative hospital stays, all without the need for craniotomy. However, hyperthermia is another secondary side effect of LITT that opens local inflammatory microenvironment as a limitation for epilepsy therapy [, ]. Importantly, epilepsy is often accompanied by oxidative stress and inflammation within the epileptic microenvironment, bot...
Fe/SAN demonstrated remarkable enzyme-mimicking activities ( A) [,, ]. The superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity of Fe/SAN was evaluated using a WST-8 assay kit ( B and ). Results revealed a dose-dependent increase in the inhibition rate of superoxide anion radicals (O 2 · - ), confirming its concentration-dependent O 2 · - scavenging capability. Real-time monitoring of oxygen release dynamics during H 2 O 2 decomposition via dissolved oxygen measurement ( C and ) showed a significant enhancement in dissolved oxygen levels with higher Fe/SAN concentrations, indicating robust catalase (CAT)-like activity. Compared with other reported nanozymes used for anti-inflammatory purposes, such as Fe 3 O 4, CeO 2, and Mn 3 O 4, Fe/SAN exhibits superior CAT-like activity at the same concentration (100 µg/mL), as summarized in. Hydroxyl radical antioxidant capacity (HORAC) activity was assessed using a potassium ferricyanide colorimetric method ( D). Fe/SAN exhibited typical HORAC activity, with its peroxide-degrading capacity via the Fenton reaction strongly correlated with concentration. Furthermore, the DPPH radical scavenging assay ( E) demonstrated a marked...
The photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) was calculated using the established method: η = [hS (Tmax - Tsurr) - Qdis]/[I (1-10 -A808 )], where hS is the heat transfer coefficient, Tmax represents maximum equilibrium temperature, Tsurr is ambient temperature, Qdis denotes heat dissipated by light scattering, I is laser power density, and A808 is the absorbance at 808 nm. Temperature monitoring during LITT was performed using a FOTRIC thermal imaging system (Shanghai FOTRIC, Inc.) with a spectral range of 8-14 µm. The system was calibrated using a blackbody radiation source across 30-80 °C, yielding the calibration equation: y = 321.162 + 153.477x (R 2 = 0.985), where y is absolute temperature (K) and x is corrected thermal radiation intensity. Thermal images were acquired at 30 Hz with 0.05 °C resolution and ±2 °C accuracy. For in vivo monitoring, temperature mapping was conducted at 1-s intervals during laser irradiation, with the region of interest centered on the epileptic focus. Thermal dose (CEM43) was calculated to quantify ablation extent.
Machine-readable layer
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