Physical education, school physical activity, school sports and academic performance methods
Aim. Evidence-backed execution summary for Physical education, school physical activity, school sports and academic performance methods from Physical education, school physical activity, school sports and academic performance.
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This experiment, in seven questions
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Shopping and prep list
What do I need before I start?
human
Subject model for the experiment.
- Use
- confirm full cohort details in the source paper
Populations with special educational needs
The effects of school PA upon children with learning problems thus remains an open field for research.
- Use
- The effects of school PA upon children with learning problems thus remains an open field for research.
Is the potential beneficial effect of PE, school PA and sport supported by fundamental research?
2) Augmented LTP itself, i.e. enhanced neuronal transmission in the hippocampus. Different methods employed to measure cognitive functions, and scores on these tasks are well correlated with a better performing hippocampus [ ]. Radial maze learning, i.e. an hippocampal spatial learning, is increased in both male and...
- Use
- 2) Augmented LTP itself, i.e. enhanced neuronal transmission in the hippocampus. Different methods employed to measure cognitive functions, and scores on these tasks are well correlated with a better performing hippocampus [ ]. Radial maze learning, i.e. an hippocampal spatial learning, is increased in both male and...
Before you run
What should be confirmed before execution?
First confirmation
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Confirm before execution
This page is backed by a publishable Replication Data Ledger package with zero critical source-verification issues.
Confirm before execution
Open the source paper before finalizing run-specific details.
Procurement checkpoint
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Open quote workflowStep-by-step procedure
What do I do, in order?
What are the acute effects of PA on cognitive function?
Brisswalter et al. [ ] reviewed published studies into the effects of exercise on various tasks. They concluded that the optimal intensity for decisional tasks covered a wide range (~40-80% VO 2 max). An exercise duration of more than 20 minutes was most efficient in increasing the performance of perceptual and decisional tasks. [, ] Tomporowki [ ] suggested an upper limit of 60 minutes might arise from the adverse effects of dehydration on cognitive functions.
Populations with special educational needs
Four pupils with emotional and behavioural disorders were directly studied before and after a 10-week PE intervention. Back in class, there was an increase (13.8%, or a little more than 23 minutes) in the amount of time spent focused on the tasks they were supposed to be performing. [ ] A 10-week PA intervention in children with learning disabilities improved classroom behaviour and the perception of academic competence was increased. [ ] However, a similar outcome was seen in the control group, indicating that there had been no specific effect from the programme.
Is the potential beneficial effect of PE, school PA and sport supported by fundamental research?
2) Augmented LTP itself, i.e. enhanced neuronal transmission in the hippocampus. Different methods employed to measure cognitive functions, and scores on these tasks are well correlated with a better performing hippocampus [ ]. Radial maze learning, i.e. an hippocampal spatial learning, is increased in both male and female rats exercised by voluntary running. The performance of this task does not seem to be influenced by changes in fitness of the animal, as is the case for the Morris water maze. However, if the water maze is used, it remains possible to control for an animal's level of fitness. Other studies using the Morris water maze have also reported improved performance. [, ] Exercise has no effect on glutamate receptors in the hippocampus in aged rats [ ], reinforcing the view that post-receptor mechanisms are responsible for stronger LTP in active animals. However, this point...
Is the potential beneficial effect of PE, school PA and sport supported by fundamental research?
The brain concentration of some antioxidants is also increased in trained animals, thus protecting hippocampal cells from oxidative damage. [ ] Radak et al. [ ] studied the acute effects of exercise (2 hours). Oxidative damage to macromolecules was reduced through an increase of glutathion synthetase activity and a reduction in the deleterious, inactivity-related efflux of glutamate (the neurotransmitter of learning in the hippocampus). Acute exercise also normalized certain memory functions, particularly orientation time to novelty and passive avoidance reactions.
Measurement outputs
What raw and processed outputs should exist?
Many factors like classroom behaviour, self-esteem, self-image, school satisfaction and school connectedness have been postulated as determinants of academic achievement.
- Raw artifact
- Field or section images captured from matched samples
- Processed artifact
- Selected representative panels with quantified intensity, counts, or area measurements
- Reported as
- Per-group imaging summaries with representative figures and quantified endpoints
Dwyer et al. [ ] made a cross-sectional survey of 9000 Australian schoolchildren between the ages of 7 and 15 years (500 in each age/sex stratum drawn from 109 schools, i.e. 10...
- Raw artifact
- Per-sample or per-animal endpoint measurements collected during the experiment
- Processed artifact
- Structured table with cleaned measurements ready for comparison
- Reported as
- Summary statistics and between-group or across-timepoint comparisons
A survey of 117 Australian primary schools found no deterioration of literacy and numeracy results in primary school grades 3, 5 and 7 when more time was allocated to PE. [ ] SE...
- Raw artifact
- Per-sample or per-animal endpoint measurements collected during the experiment
- Processed artifact
- Structured table with cleaned measurements ready for comparison
- Reported as
- Summary statistics and between-group or across-timepoint comparisons
Even studies that failed to find a positive relationship between PA/PE and GPA have generally found no decrease in academic achievement as a consequence of increased participati...
- Raw artifact
- Per-sample or per-animal endpoint measurements collected during the experiment
- Processed artifact
- Structured table with cleaned measurements ready for comparison
- Reported as
- Summary statistics and between-group or across-timepoint comparisons
Analysis plan
How should the outputs become interpretable results?
Acquisition
Collect raw experimental outputs with enough metadata to preserve sample identity, condition, and timing.
inferred from protocolPreprocessing / cleaning
4,690 Hong Kong children from primary 5 to secondary 7 (i.e.
from paperScoring or quantification
Quantify the primary readouts for this experiment: Many factors like classroom behaviour, self-esteem, self-image, school satisfaction and school connectedness have been postulated as determinants of academic achievement.; Dwyer et al. [ ] made a cross-sectional survey of 9000 Australian schoolchildren between the ages of 7 and 15 years (500 in each age/sex stratum drawn from 109 schools, i.e. 10...; A survey of 117 Australian primary schools found no deterioration of literacy and numeracy results in primary school grades 3, 5 and 7 when more time was allocated to PE. [ ] SE...; Even studies that failed to find a positive relationship between PA/PE and GPA have generally found no decrease in academic achievement as a consequence of increased participati....
from paperStatistical comparison
4,690 Hong Kong children from primary 5 to secondary 7 (i.e. grades 5 to 12) completed a pre-validated questionnaire relating their sports and exercise participation to perceive...; Dwyer et al. [ ] made a cross-sectional survey of 9000 Australian schoolchildren between the ages of 7 and 15 years (500 in each age/sex stratum drawn from 109 schools, i.e. 10...; Researchers from Iceland designed a study included other health behaviours. [ ] They found small but significantly positive univariate associations of PA with self-reported scho...; A cross-sectional questionnaire study of 245 Finnish adolescents [ ] observed no association between PA level and school satisfaction and the trend to a weak correlation between...
from paperReporting output
Report representative outputs alongside summary comparisons for Many factors like classroom behaviour, self-esteem, self-image, school satisfaction and school connectedness have been postulated as determinants of academic achievement., Dwyer et al. [ ] made a cross-sectional survey of 9000 Australian schoolchildren between the ages of 7 and 15 years (500 in each age/sex stratum drawn from 109 schools, i.e. 10..., A survey of 117 Australian primary schools found no deterioration of literacy and numeracy results in primary school grades 3, 5 and 7 when more time was allocated to PE. [ ] SE..., Even studies that failed to find a positive relationship between PA/PE and GPA have generally found no decrease in academic achievement as a consequence of increased participati....
inferred from protocolStructured statistical methods
4,690 Hong Kong children from primary 5 to secondary 7 (i.e. grades 5 to 12) completed a pre-validated questionnaire relating their sports and exercise participation to perceive...; Dwyer et al. [ ] made a cross-sectional survey of 9000 Australian schoolchildren between the ages of 7 and 15 years (500 in each age/sex stratum drawn from 109 schools, i.e. 10...; Researchers from Iceland designed a study included other health behaviours. [ ] They found small but significantly positive univariate associations of PA with self-reported scho...; A cross-sectional questionnaire study of 245 Finnish adolescents [ ] observed no association between PA level and school satisfaction and the trend to a weak correlation between...
source structuredSource and audit
What supports the facts on this page?
Evidence quotes (4)
Brisswalter et al. [ ] reviewed published studies into the effects of exercise on various tasks. They concluded that the optimal intensity for decisional tasks covered a wide range (~40-80% VO 2 max). An exercise duration of more than 20 minutes was most efficient in increasing the performance of perceptual and decisional tasks. [, ] Tomporowki [ ] suggested an upper limit of 60 minutes might arise from the adverse effects of dehydration on cognitive functions.
Four pupils with emotional and behavioural disorders were directly studied before and after a 10-week PE intervention. Back in class, there was an increase (13.8%, or a little more than 23 minutes) in the amount of time spent focused on the tasks they were supposed to be performing. [ ] A 10-week PA intervention in children with learning disabilities improved classroom behaviour and the perception of academic competence was increased. [ ] However, a similar outcome was seen in the control group, indicating that there had been no specific effect from the programme.
2) Augmented LTP itself, i.e. enhanced neuronal transmission in the hippocampus. Different methods employed to measure cognitive functions, and scores on these tasks are well correlated with a better performing hippocampus [ ]. Radial maze learning, i.e. an hippocampal spatial learning, is increased in both male and female rats exercised by voluntary running. The performance of this task does not seem to be influenced by changes in fitness of the animal, as is the case for the Morris water maze. However, if the water maze is used, it remains possible to control for an animal's level of fitness. Other studies using the Morris water maze have also reported improved performance. [, ] Exercise has no effect on glutamate receptors in the hippocampus in aged rats [ ], reinforcing the view that post-receptor mechanisms are responsible for stronger LTP in active animals. However, this point remains to be confirmed in the hippocampus of younger animals,
The brain concentration of some antioxidants is also increased in trained animals, thus protecting hippocampal cells from oxidative damage. [ ] Radak et al. [ ] studied the acute effects of exercise (2 hours). Oxidative damage to macromolecules was reduced through an increase of glutathion synthetase activity and a reduction in the deleterious, inactivity-related efflux of glutamate (the neurotransmitter of learning in the hippocampus). Acute exercise also normalized certain memory functions, particularly orientation time to novelty and passive avoidance reactions.
Machine-readable layer
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