Source Paper
Three Cases of Enduring Memory Impairment after Bilateral Damage Limited to the Hippocampal Formation
Nancy L. Rempel-Clower, Stuart M. Zola, Larry R. Squire, David G. Amaral
Journal of Neuroscience • 1996
Neuropsychological Assessment
Objective: Detailed neuropsychological analyses to assess anterograde and retrograde memory impairment in amnesic patients with bilateral hippocampal formation damage
Protocol Steps
Neuropsychological Assessment
Conduct detailed neuropsychological analyses on amnesic patients to assess memory impairment
Note: Assessment focuses on anterograde and retrograde memory impairment in patients with bilateral hippocampal formation damage
View evidence from paper
“detailed neuropsychological analyses and detailed postmortem neuropathological analyses demonstrated that damage limited to the hippocampal formation was sufficient to produce anterograde memory impairment”
Anterograde Memory Testing
Evaluate anterograde memory impairment in patients with bilateral damage limited to the hippocampal formation
Note: Severity of anterograde memory impairment depends on locus and extent of damage within the hippocampal formation
View evidence from paper
“Bilateral damage limited primarily to the CA1 region of the hippocampal formation is sufficient to produce moderately severe anterograde memory impairment”
Retrograde Memory Testing
Evaluate retrograde amnesia covering temporal gradients in patients with hippocampal formation damage
Note: Extensive, temporally graded retrograde amnesia can occur after damage limited to the hippocampal formation
View evidence from paper
“Extensive, temporally graded retrograde amnesia covering 15 years or more can occur after damage limited to the hippocampal formation”
Postmortem Neuropathological Analysis
Conduct detailed postmortem neuropathological analyses to correlate with neuropsychological findings
Note: Neuropathological findings are described for amnesic patients to validate neuropsychological assessment results
View evidence from paper
“Neuropsychological and postmortem neuropathological findings are described here for three additional amnesic patients with bilateral damage limited to the hippocampal formation”