Prenatal Stress Induces High Anxiety and Postnatal Handling Induces Low Anxiety in Adult Offspring: Correlation with Stress-Induced Corticosterone Secretion
Monique Vallée, Willy Mayo, Françoise Dellu, Michel Le Moal, Hervé Simon et al.
Objective: Assessment of cognitive memory performance in adult offspring using a two-trial memory test to evaluate the long-term influence of prenatal and postnatal experiences on memory capacity
Materials & Equipment Checklist
5 items4 from ConductScience
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Equipment5
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View Abstract
It is well known that the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is altered by early environmental experiences, particularly in the perinatal period. This may be one mechanism by which the environment changes the physiology of the animal such that individual differences in adult adaptative capabilities, such as behavioral reactivity and memory performance, are observable. To determine the origin of these behavioral individual differences, we have investigated whether the long-term influence of prenatal and postnatal experiences on emotional and cognitive behaviors in adult rats are correlated with changes in HPA activity. To this end, prenatal stress of rat dams during the last week of gestation and postnatal daily handling of rat pups during the first 3 weeks of life were used as two environmental manipulations. The behavioral reactivity of the adult offspring in response to novelty was evaluated using four different parameters: the number of visits to different arms in a Y-maze, the distance covered in an open field, the time spent in the corners of the open field, and the time spent in the open arms of an elevated plus-maze. Cognitive performance was assessed using a water maze and a two-trial memory test. Adult prenatally stressed rats showed high anxiety-like behavior, expressed as an escape behavior to novelty correlated with high secretion of corticosterone in response to stress, whereas adult handled rats exhibited low anxiety-like behavior, expressed as high exploratory behavior correlated with low secretion of corticosterone in response to stress. On the other hand, neither prenatal stress nor handling changed spatial learning or memory performance. Taken together, these results suggest that individual differences in adult emotional status may be governed by early environmental factors; however, perinatal experiences are not effective in influencing adult memory capacity.
Protocol Steps
1
Environmental Manipulation - Prenatal Stress
Rat dams subjected to prenatal stress during the last week of gestation
Last week of gestationNot specified
Note: This is the prenatal stress condition applied to dams
View evidence from paper
“prenatal stress of rat dams during the last week of gestation”
2
Environmental Manipulation - Postnatal Handling
Rat pups subjected to daily handling during the first 3 weeks of life
First 3 weeks of life, dailyNot specified
Note: This is the postnatal handling condition applied to pups
View evidence from paper
“postnatal daily handling of rat pups during the first 3 weeks of life”
3
Y-Maze Test
Evaluate behavioral reactivity of adult offspring in response to novelty by measuring number of visits to different arms
Note: One of four parameters used to evaluate behavioral reactivity
View evidence from paper
“The behavioral reactivity of the adult offspring in response to novelty was evaluated using four different parameters: the number of visits to different arms in a Y-maze”
4
Open Field Test
Evaluate behavioral reactivity by measuring distance covered and time spent in corners
