Forced Swim Test
Objective: Measurement of depressive-like behavior by assessing increased immobility in mice 24 hours after LPS administration, and evaluation of ketamine's ability to abrogate LPS-induced depressive-like behavior
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Equipment1
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Materials3
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Protocol Steps
Ketamine pretreatment (immediate protocol)
Administer ketamine intraperitoneally at 6 mg/kg immediately before LPS administration
Note: This is the primary treatment condition tested
View evidence from paper
“a low dose of ketamine (6 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) immediately before administration of LPS”
LPS administration
Administer lipopolysaccharide intraperitoneally at 0.83 mg/kg to induce depressive-like behavior
Note: Administered immediately after ketamine in primary protocol
View evidence from paper
“administration of LPS (0.83 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) in C57Bl/6 J mice”
Forced Swim Test
Conduct forced swim test to measure depressive-like behavior by assessing immobility
Note: Depressive-like behavior measured 24 hours after LPS by increased immobility in FST
View evidence from paper
“Depressive-like behavior was measured 24 h after LPS by decreased sucrose preference and increased immobility in the forced swim test (FST)”
Alternative ketamine timing - 10 hours post-LPS
In alternative protocol, administer ketamine 10 hours after LPS administration instead of immediately before
Note: Confirms ketamine's antidepressant-like activity independent of interference with LPS-induced inflammatory signaling
View evidence from paper
“ketamine was administered 10 h after LPS instead of immediately before LPS”
Control ketamine timing - 24 hours before LPS
In control protocol, administer ketamine 24 hours before LPS administration
Note: Ketamine had no effect when administered at this timepoint
View evidence from paper
“ketamine had no effect when administered 24 h before LPS”
NBQX pretreatment protocol
Administer NBQX (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) 15 minutes before ketamine in mice treated with LPS 24 hours earlier
Note: Used to confirm NMDA receptor antagonism mediates ketamine's antidepressant-like activity
View evidence from paper
“NBQX administered at the dose of 10 mg/kg intraperitoneally 15 min before ketamine in mice treated with LPS 24 h earlier”