Forced Swim Test — J C O'Connor | ReplicateScience

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Forced Swim Test — J C O'Connor | ReplicateScience

Protocol Steps

1

Peripheral LPS Administration

Administer lipopolysaccharide peripherally to mice to activate IDO and induce inflammatory response

Not specifiedNot specified

Note: This treatment culminates in depressive-like behavioral syndrome

View evidence from paper

“peripheral administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activates IDO and culminates in a distinct depressive-like behavioral syndrome”

2

Forced Swim Test

Place mice in forced swim apparatus and measure duration of immobility as indicator of depressive-like behavior

Not specifiedNot specified

Forced Swim Test Apparatus

VentStar Small Animal Ventilator

VentStar Small Animal Ventilator

Matches: Tail Suspension Test apparatus

$3,899View

Note: Immobility duration is quantified as primary outcome measure

View evidence from paper

“measured by increased duration of immobility in both the forced swim and tail suspension tests”

3

Tail Suspension Test

Suspend mice by tail and measure duration of immobility as indicator of depressive-like behavior

Not specifiedNot specified

VentStar Small Animal Ventilator

VentStar Small Animal Ventilator

Matches: Tail Suspension Test apparatus

$3,899View

Note: Immobility duration is quantified as primary outcome measure

View evidence from paper

“measured by increased duration of immobility in both the forced swim and tail suspension tests”

4

IDO Blockade with Minocycline (Optional Treatment Group)

Administer minocycline to block IDO activation indirectly by attenuating LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine expression

Not specifiedNot specified

Note: Prevents development of depressive-like behavior when administered to LPS-treated mice

View evidence from paper

“Blockade of IDO activation either indirectly with the anti-inflammatory tetracycline derivative minocycline, that attenuates LPS-induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines”

5

IDO Blockade with 1-MT (Optional Treatment Group)

Administer 1-methyltryptophan to directly block IDO activation

Not specifiedNot specified

Note: Prevents development of depressive-like behavior when administered to LPS-treated mice

View evidence from paper

“or directly with the IDO antagonist 1-methyltryptophan (1-MT), prevents development of depressive-like behavior”

6

L-kynurenine Administration (Optional Treatment Group)

Administer L-kynurenine to naive mice in dose-dependent manner to induce depressive-like behavior

Not specifiedNot specified

Note: Demonstrates that kynurenine pathway metabolite alone can induce depressive-like behavior

View evidence from paper

“Administration of L-kynurenine, a metabolite of tryptophan that is generated by IDO, to naive mice dose-dependently induces depressive-like behavior”

7

Plasma and Brain Kynurenine/Tryptophan Ratio Measurement

Measure kynurenine/tryptophan ratio in plasma and brain samples from treated mice

Not specifiedNot specified

Note: Both minocycline and 1-MT normalize this ratio in LPS-treated mice

View evidence from paper

“Both minocycline and 1-MT normalize the kynurenine/tryptophan ratio in the plasma and brain of LPS-treated mice”

8

Brain Serotonin Turnover Measurement

Measure brain serotonin turnover in treated mice

Not specifiedNot specified

Note: Minocycline and 1-MT do not change LPS-induced increase in brain serotonin turnover

View evidence from paper

“without changing the LPS-induced increase in turnover of brain serotonin”