Source Paper
Interferon-γ and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Mediate the Upregulation of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase and the Induction of Depressive-Like Behavior in Mice in Response to Bacillus Calmette-Guérin
Jason C. O'Connor, Caroline André, Yunxia Wang, Marcus A. Lawson, Sandra S. Szegedi et al.
Journal of Neuroscience • 2009
Tail Suspension Test
Objective: Assessment of depressive-like behavior by measuring immobility time when mice are suspended by the tail
This is a Tail Suspension Test protocol using mouse as the model organism. The procedure involves 3 procedural steps, 1 equipment items, 2 materials. Extracted from a 2009 paper published in Journal of Neuroscience.
Model and subjects
mouse • Wild-type (WT) control mice and IFNγR−/− mice • unknown • Not specified • Not specified
Study window
~1 week study window
Core workflow
BCG Inoculation • Tail Suspension Test • Optional TNFα Antagonist Pretreatment
Primary readouts
- Immobility time during tail suspension test
- Depressive-like behavior indicators
- Comparison between WT and IFNγR−/− mice
Key equipment and reagents
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Protocol Steps
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BCG Inoculation
Wild-type control mice and IFNγR−/− mice were inoculated with an attenuated form of Mycobacterium bovis (BCG)
Note: Infection with BCG induced an acute episode of sickness that was similar in both WT and IFNγR−/− mice
View evidence from paper
“Wild-type (WT) control mice and IFNγR−/− mice were inoculated with an attenuated form of Mycobacterium bovis, bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG).”
Tail Suspension Test
Mice were suspended by the tail and immobility time was measured to assess depressive-like behavior
Note: Increased immobility occurred in WT mice but was entirely absent in IFNγR−/− mice
View evidence from paper
“Increased immobility during the forced swim and tail suspension tests occurred in WT mice 7 d after BCG inoculation but was entirely absent in IFNγR−/− mice.”
Optional TNFα Antagonist Pretreatment
Some mice were pretreated with etanercept (TNFα antagonist) prior to BCG inoculation to assess TNFα role
Note: Pretreatment partially blunted BCG-induced IDO activation and depressive-like behavior
View evidence from paper
“Pretreatment of mice with the TNFα antagonist, etanercept, partially blunted BCG-induced IDO activation and depressive-like behavior.”