Source Paper
Interferon-γ and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Mediate the Upregulation of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase and the Induction of Depressive-Like Behavior in Mice in Response to Bacillus Calmette-Guérin
Jason C. O'Connor, Caroline André, Yunxia Wang, Marcus A. Lawson, Sandra S. Szegedi et al.
Journal of Neuroscience • 2009
TNFα Antagonist Treatment (Etanercept)
Objective: To assess the effects of TNFα antagonist etanercept pretreatment on BCG-induced IDO activation and depressive-like behavior in mice
This is a TNFα Antagonist Treatment (Etanercept) protocol using mouse as the model organism. The procedure involves 5 procedural steps, 2 equipment items, 2 materials. Extracted from a 2009 paper published in Journal of Neuroscience.
Model and subjects
mouse • Wild-type (WT) control mice • unknown • Not specified • Not specified
Study window
~1 week study window
Core workflow
Pretreatment with TNFα antagonist • BCG inoculation • Behavioral testing - Forced swim test
Primary readouts
- Immobility during forced swim test
- Immobility during tail suspension test
- IDO mRNA expression in lung and brain
- IFNγ, IL-1β, and TNFα mRNA expression
Key equipment and reagents
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Protocol Steps
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Pretreatment with TNFα antagonist
Mice were pretreated with etanercept (TNFα antagonist) prior to BCG inoculation
Note: Timing and dosage of pretreatment not specified in provided text
View evidence from paper
“Pretreatment of mice with the TNFα antagonist, etanercept, partially blunted BCG-induced IDO activation and depressive-like behavior”
BCG inoculation
Mice were inoculated with an attenuated form of Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) to induce immune activation
Note: Route of inoculation not specified in provided text
View evidence from paper
“Wild-type (WT) control mice and IFNγR−/− mice were inoculated with an attenuated form of Mycobacterium bovis, bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG)”
Behavioral testing - Forced swim test
Mice were tested for depressive-like behavior using the forced swim test, measuring immobility
Note: Increased immobility was observed in WT mice but absent in IFNγR−/− mice
View evidence from paper
“Increased immobility during the forced swim and tail suspension tests occurred in WT mice 7 d after BCG inoculation but was entirely absent in IFNγR−/− mice”
Behavioral testing - Tail suspension test
Mice were tested for depressive-like behavior using the tail suspension test, measuring immobility
Note: Increased immobility was observed in WT mice but absent in IFNγR−/− mice
View evidence from paper
“Increased immobility during the forced swim and tail suspension tests occurred in WT mice 7 d after BCG inoculation but was entirely absent in IFNγR−/− mice”
Tissue collection and analysis
Lung and brain tissue were collected to measure IDO mRNA upregulation and cytokine expression
Note: Plasma samples were also collected for kynurenine/tryptophan ratio analysis
View evidence from paper
“upregulation of lung and brain IDO mRNA was completely abolished. This was accompanied by an attenuation of BCG-induced TNFα mRNA and the lack of an increase in plasma kynurenine/tryptophan ratio”